Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Healing or Hype?
Stock image of a man inside a hyperbaric chamber. Photo: Getty
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has garnered significant attention recently, with developments highlighting both its potential benefits and associated risks.
Proven Medical Applications
HBOT is FDA-approved for treating several serious conditions, including:
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Decompression sickness
- Chronic non-healing wounds
- Radiation-induced tissue damage
A recent study from the University of Gothenburg demonstrated that HBOT provides long-term relief for patients suffering from late radiation-induced injuries after cancer treatment in the lower abdominal area, with positive effects persisting even five years post-treatment .
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Emerging Research Areas
Researchers are exploring HBOT’s potential in neurological and cognitive conditions:
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): USF Health has initiated a $28 million state-funded clinical trial to assess HBOT’s effectiveness in treating TBI among Florida service members and veterans .
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Studies indicate that 68% of HBOT participants experienced at least a 30% reduction in PTSD symptoms, with 39% achieving complete remission .
- Long COVID: Research from Yale Medicine suggests HBOT may alleviate symptoms of Long COVID by enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues, potentially improving energy levels, sleep, and cognitive function .
Safety Concerns and Unregulated Use
While HBOT shows promise, unregulated applications pose risks. A tragic incident occurred when a five-year-old boy died following an explosion in a hyperbaric chamber at an unaccredited facility treating him for ADHD and sleep apnea—conditions not approved for HBOT by the FDA . The FDA cautions against using HBOT for unapproved conditions and emphasizes the importance of receiving treatment at accredited centers to ensure safety.
Jeremy Renner on Instagram in Jan. 2025. Photo: Jeremy Renner/Instagram
Celebrity Endorsements and Wellness Trends
HBOT has gained popularity among celebrities for wellness purposes. Actor Jeremy Renner credits HBOT as a crucial part of his recovery following a severe snowplow accident . Despite such endorsements, medical experts warn that evidence supporting HBOT for anti-aging, infertility, and cognitive enhancement remains limited .
Conclusion
HBOT is a validated treatment for specific medical conditions and shows potential in emerging areas like neurological recovery and Long COVID. However, its application should be confined to FDA-approved uses and conducted in accredited facilities to ensure safety. While ongoing research may expand its therapeutic scope, caution is advised against unproven and unregulated uses.
